Health Library · Mental Health

Depression symptoms

Overview

Depression is more than sadness — it's a persistent low mood plus loss of interest, energy, sleep, and self-worth that lasts at least 2 weeks and impairs function. It's medical and highly treatable.

Symptoms to watch for

  • Persistent sad, empty, or hopeless mood
  • Loss of interest in things you usually enjoy
  • Fatigue and low energy
  • Sleep changes (too much or too little)
  • Appetite or weight changes
  • Difficulty concentrating
  • Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
  • Thoughts of death or suicide

What else could this be?

  • Hypothyroidism
  • Vitamin D or B12 deficiency
  • Anemia
  • Sleep apnea
  • Grief (normal after loss)
  • Bipolar depression (screen for prior mania)

How it's diagnosed

PHQ-9 questionnaire plus clinical interview. Labs to rule out mimics: TSH, CBC, vitamin D, B12.

Treatment

First-line: SSRIs (sertraline, escitalopram) or SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine). Bupropion is a good option for low energy or sexual side effect concerns. Therapy (CBT, IPT) has equal evidence. Combination is best for moderate–severe depression.

When to book a visit

Book if symptoms have lasted 2+ weeks or you're struggling to function. Call 988 for a crisis.

Book online today

Frequently asked

How long until antidepressants work?

2–4 weeks for early effects, 6–8 weeks for full benefit. Side effects usually settle within 2 weeks.

Can Clindle prescribe antidepressants online?

Yes — a licensed clinician can evaluate, prescribe, and manage follow-up entirely by video.