Health Library · Respiratory & Infection

Food poisoning symptoms

Overview

Food poisoning is inflammation of the GI tract from bacteria, viruses, or their toxins. Onset ranges from 1 hour (staph toxin) to 3 days (Salmonella, E. coli). Most resolves in 1–3 days with hydration.

Symptoms to watch for

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Watery or bloody diarrhea
  • Abdominal cramps
  • Low-grade fever
  • Body aches

What else could this be?

  • Norovirus (very contagious, short duration)
  • C. diff (recent antibiotic use)
  • Appendicitis if right-lower pain dominates
  • IBD flare

How it's diagnosed

Usually clinical. Stool testing for prolonged, bloody, or high-fever illness.

Treatment

Oral rehydration is the cornerstone. Antibiotics only for specific bugs (Salmonella typhi, Shigella, severe C. diff). Loperamide is generally safe for non-bloody diarrhea.

When to book a visit

Book if you can't keep fluids down, have bloody diarrhea, or aren't improving after 48 hours.

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Frequently asked

Should I take Imodium?

Safe for watery non-bloody diarrhea. Avoid if fever or blood in stool.