Health Library · Respiratory & Infection

Strep throat vs viral sore throat

Overview

Only about 10% of adult sore throats are strep — the rest are viral. Strep throat needs antibiotics to prevent rheumatic fever and shorten illness; viral does not. The CENTOR criteria help decide who needs a rapid strep test.

Symptoms to watch for

  • Sudden severe sore throat
  • Pain with swallowing
  • Fever over 101°F
  • Tender, swollen neck lymph nodes
  • White patches or exudate on tonsils
  • No cough, no runny nose (points toward strep)

What else could this be?

  • Viral pharyngitis — cough, runny nose, hoarseness
  • Mononucleosis — enlarged spleen, prolonged fatigue
  • COVID-19 or flu
  • Post-nasal drip

How it's diagnosed

Rapid strep test (throat swab) at a lab near you. CENTOR score: fever + tender nodes + tonsillar exudate + absence of cough (each = 1 point) helps decide who to test.

Treatment

Penicillin or amoxicillin for 10 days is first-line. Cephalexin or azithromycin for penicillin-allergic patients. Symptoms improve within 24–48 hours of starting antibiotics.

When to book a visit

Book if you have fever with severe sore throat and no cough — a video visit can order the rapid strep and prescribe if positive.

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Frequently asked

Can I get antibiotics without testing?

Sometimes — for a very high CENTOR score during outbreaks, clinicians may treat empirically. Testing is preferred when practical.

How contagious is strep?

Very — until you've been on antibiotics 24 hours. Stay home from work/school.