PCOS symptoms

Overview

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a hormonal-metabolic condition affecting ~10% of women — irregular periods, androgen excess, and often insulin resistance.

Symptoms to watch for

• Irregular or absent periods
• Acne, especially jawline
• Male-pattern hair growth (chin, upper lip, chest)
• Scalp hair thinning
• Weight gain, especially abdominal
• Difficulty losing weight
• Infertility

How it's diagnosed

Rotterdam criteria — 2 of 3: oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries on ultrasound. Rule out thyroid, prolactin, congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Treatment

Combined oral contraceptives for menstrual regulation and androgens. Metformin for insulin resistance. Spironolactone for acne/hair. GLP-1 medications when weight is central. Letrozole for fertility.